Steps for Web Information Gathering

In penetration testing and security assessments, information gathering is the first and one of the most critical steps. A thorough and effective information-gathering process helps testers understand the structure of the target system and potential vulnerabilities. This article introduces common Web information gathering steps, combining practical tools and methods to help establish a systematic approach.

1. Manual Information Gathering via Browser

The most direct method is to explore the target website using a browser:

• Browse all pages: Carefully check the navigation menu, dynamic parameters, and form submission points.

• Inspect page source code: Developers often leave comments or debug notes in the source code, which may contain sensitive information.

• Pay attention to visible or hidden links: Some links are not directly displayed on the page but may be referenced in the source code or JavaScript.

Example: Comments in the page source might contain developer emails, API endpoints, or admin panel paths.

2. Check the /robots.txt File

The /robots.txt file guides search engine crawlers on which directories to access. For penetration testers, it often reveals:

• Hidden directories or sensitive file paths

• Unpublished API endpoints

• Admin panel entry points

Example: